![]() We also evaluated sex-biased somatic mutation patterns using mutation and copy number alteration data in TCGA. Many “hallmark” cancer pathways, including the HEDGEHOG, WNT, and TGF-β signaling pathways, were significantly more highly targeted in males, while drug metabolism and immune related pathways were enriched for genes highly targeted in females. We found that oncogenes have significantly higher regulatory targeting in males, while tumor suppressor genes have significantly higher targeting in females. By comparing the female and male networks, we found marked sex differences in transcriptional regulatory processes relevant to disease development, progression, and response to therapy. We inferred patient-specific regulatory networks of liver hepatocellular carcinoma using data from TCGA. However, the molecular features that drive these sex differences are poorly understood. For most cancer types, including liver cancer, males have a higher risk of developing the disease and a lower survival rate than women. Published by Elsevier Inc.Despite pronounced sex differences in cancer incidence, severity, and response to treatment, most current approaches to clinical management, as well as therapeutics development and selection, are sex-independent. We highlight the influence of age, sex, and race on the natural history of COPD, and the impact of comorbid conditions, chronic bronchitis, exacerbations, and asthma/COPD overlap.ĬOPD COPDGene chronic bronchitis comorbidities epidemiology sex.Ĭopyright © 2019. ![]() The objective of this review was to summarize the major advances in the clinical epidemiology of COPD from the first 10 years of the COPDGene study. The subjects were extensively phenotyped with the use of comprehensive symptom and comorbidity questionnaires, spirometry, CT scans of the chest, and genetic and biomarker profiling. The goal was to characterize disease-related phenotypes and explore associations with susceptibility genes. Electronic address: Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) study is a noninterventional, multicenter, longitudinal analysis of > 10,000 subjects, including smokers with a ≥ 10 pack-year history with and without COPD and healthy never smokers. 13 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO.12 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI.11 Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, MA.10 Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO.9 Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.8 Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.7 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.6 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.5 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.4 Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.3 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO. ![]() 2 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, UT Health San Antonio, and South Texas Veterans Health System, San Antonio, TX.
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